ASTM A435/A435M-17 pdf free download.Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Plates.
1.1 This specification covers the procedure and acceptance standards for straight-beam, pulse-echo, ultrasonic examination of rolled fully killed carbon and alloy steel plates, V2 in. 112.5 mml and over in thickness. It was developed to assure delivery of steel plates free of gross internal discontinuities such as pipe, ruptures. or laminations and is to he used whenever the inquiry, contract, order, or specification states that the plates are to be subjected to ultrasonic examination.
1.2 Individuals performing examinations in accordance with this spcification shall be qualified and certified in accordance with the requirements of the latest edition of ASNT SNTTC-1A or an equivalent accepted standard. An equivalent standard is one which covers the qualification and certification of ultrasonic nondestructive examination candidates and which is acceptable to the purchaser.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specitication.
4. Apparatus
4.1 The manufacturer shall furnish suitable ultrasonic equipment and qualified personnel necessary for performing the test. The equipment shall be of the pulse-echo straight beam type. The transducer is normally 1 to 1 ½ in. 1 25 to 30 mm] in diameter or 1 in. [25 mml square; however, any transducer having a minimum active area of 0.7 in.2 1450 mm2] may be used, including phased-array probes using an equivalent active aperture. The test shall he performed by one of the following methods: direct contact. immersion, or liquid column coupling.
4.2 Other search units may be used for evaluating and pinpointing indications.
4.3 Vertical or horizontal linearity or both shall be checked in accordance with Practice E3 17, Guide E249 1, or another procedure approved by the users of this specification. An acceptable linearity performance may be agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser.
5. Test Conditions
5.1 Conduct the examination in an area free of operations that interfere with proper functioning of the equipment.
5.2 Clean and smooth the plate surface sufficiently to maintain a reference back reflection from the opposite side of the plate at least 50 % of the full scale during scanning.ASTM A435/A435M pdf download.