ASTM D93-16 pdf free download.Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester.
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the (lash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 °C to 370 °C by a manual Pensky-Mariens closed-cup apparatus or an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus, and the determination of the flash point of biodiesel in the temperature range of 60 °C to 190 °C by an automated Pensky-Martens closed cup apparatus.
1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel. biodiesel blends. kerosine, heating oil, turbine fuels), new and in-use lubricating oils, and other homogeneous petroleum liquids not included in the scope of’ Procedure B or Procedure C.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—This condition may not be fully achieved in practice, since the temperature may not be uniform throughout the test specimen, and the Lest cover and shutter on the apparatus can be cooler.
3. 1 .5 flash point, n—in flash ponit lest methods, the lowest temperature of the test specimen. adjusted to account for variations in atmospheric pressure from 101.3 kPa. at which application of an ignition source causes the vapors of the test sample to ignite under specified conditions of test.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A brass test cup of specified dimensions, filled to the inside mark with test specimen and fitted with a cover of specified dimensions, is heated and the specimen stirred at specified rates, using one of three defined procedures (A, B, or C). An ignition source is directed into the test cup at regular intervals with simultaneous interruption of the stirring, until a flash is detected (see 11.1.8). The flash point is reported as defined in 3.1.5.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The flash point temperature is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties which must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.
5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and coi,,hu.siihle materials. One should con— suit the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications.
5.3 These test methods should he used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the tire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual tire conditions. However, results of these test methods may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of’ the fire hazard of’ a particular end use.
5.4 These test methods provide the only closed cup flash point test procedures for temperatures up to 370 °C (698 °F).
6. Apparatus.ASTM D93 pdf download.