ASTM E165-09 pdf free download.Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry.
1.1 This practice covers procedures for penetrant examination of materials. Penetrant testing is a nondestructive testing method for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, shrinkage, laminations, through leaks, or lack of fusion and is applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance testing. It can be effectively used in the examination of nonporous. metallic materials, ferrous and nonferrous metals, and of nonmetallic materials such as nonporous glazed or fully densified ceramics, as well as certain nonporous plastics, and glass.
1.2 This practice also provides a reference:
1.2.1 By which a liquid penetrant examination process recommended or required by individual organizations can be reviewed to ascertain its applicability and completeness.
1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications and procedures dealing with the liquid penetrant testing of parts and materials. Agreement by the customer requesting penetrant inspection is strongly recommended. All areas of this practice may he open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization.
1.2.3 For use in the organization of facilities and personnel concerned with liquid penetrant testing.
1.3 This practice does not indicate or suggest criteria for evaluation of the indications obtained by penetrant testing. It should he pointed out, however, that after indications have been found, they must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code, standard, or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of indications considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable.
1 .4 The values stated in inch-pound units arc to be regarded as the standard. SI units are provided for information only.
6. Classification of Penetrant Materials and Methods
6.1 Liquid penetran examination methods and types are classified in accordance with MIL-l-25 135 and AMS 2644 as listed in Table 1.
6.2 Fluorescent Penetrant Testing (Type 1 )—Fluorescent penetrant testing utilizes penetrants that fluoresce brilliantly when excited by black light (UVA). The sensitivity of fluorescent penetrants depends on their ability to he retained in the various size discontinuities during processing. and then to bleed out into the developer coating and produce indications that will iluoresce. Fluorescent indications are many times brighter than their surroundings when viewed under appropriate black light illumination.
6.3 Visible Penetrant Testing (Type 2)—Visible penetrant testing uses a penetrant that can be seen in visible light. The penetrant is usually red, so that resultant indications produce a definite contrast with the white background of the developer. Visible penetrant indications must be viewed under adequate white light.ASTM E165 pdf download.