ASTM E45-18 pdf free download.Standard Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel.
1 .1 These test methods cover a number of recognized procedures for determining the nonmetallic inclusion content of wrought steel. Macroscopic methods include macroetch, fracture, step-down, and magnetic particle tests. Microscopic methods include five generally accepted systems of’ examination. In these microscopic methods, inclusions arc assigned to a category based on similarities in morphology, and not necessarily on their chemical identity. Metallographic techniques that allow simple differentiation between morphologicaily similar inclusions are briefly discussed. While the methods are primarily intended for rating inclusions, constituents such as carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides. borides, and intermetallic phases may be rated using some of the microscopic methods. In some cases, alloys other than steels may he rated using one or more of these methods; the methods will be described in terms of their use on steels.
1.2 These test methods cover procedures to perform JK-type inclusion ratings using automatic image analysis in accordance with microscopic methods A and D.
1 .3 Depending Ofl the type of steel and the properties required. either a macroscopic or a microscopic method for determining the inclusion content, or combinations of the two methods, may be found most satisfactory.
1.4 These test methods deal only with recommended test methods and nothing in them should be construed as defining or establishing limits of acceptability for any grade of steel.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses are conversions and arc approximate.
1 .6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if an associated with its use. it is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
3. 1 Definitions:
3. 1 . 1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods, see Terminology E7.
3. 1 .2 Terminology E7 includes the term inclusion coiiizt; since some methods of these test methods involve length measurements or conversions to numerical representations of lengths or counts, or both, the term inclusion rating is preferred.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 aspect ratio—the length-to-width ratio of a micro- structural feature.
3.2.2 discontinuous sringer—three or more Type B or C inclusions aligned in a plane parallel to the hot working axis and offset by no more than 15 pm, with a separation of less than 40 pm (0.(0016 in.) between any two nearest neighbor inclusions.
3.2.3 inclusion types—for definitions of sulfide-, alumina-, and silicate-type inclusions, see Terminology E7. Globular oxide, in some methods refers to isolated, relatively nondeformed inclusions with an aspect ratio not in excess of 2:1. In other methods, oxides are divided into deformable and nondeformable types.
3.2.4 JK inclusion rating—a method of measuring nonmetallic inclusions based on the Swedish Jcrnkontoret procedures; Methods A and D of these test methods are the principal JK rating methods, and Method E also uses the JK rating charts.
ASTM E45 pdf download.