AWWA B408:2018 pdf download.Liquid Polyaluminum Chloride
5.2.2 Test procedures. Methods of testing PACl shall conform to the procedures described in the following sections. Use alternative procedures only with the written acceptance of the purchaser. In any case of conflict, the methods of this standard shall prevail.
Some material functions are based entirely on chloride anion, but other materials can be based entirely on, or share anion concentration with, sulfate or other anions. Although the ongoing concentration measurement of any of these constituents can provide an indication of product consistency, they may not be indicative of product effectiveness or ultimate functionality.
5.7.1 Reagents. Use reagent grade unless otherwise specified.
1. Water used in the preparation of reagents and in the procedure is deionized (or distilled).
2. Nitric acid, concentrated. Caution: Nitric acid is highly corrosive and can cause severe burns. Concentrated nitric acid emits hazardous nitrogen oxides. The acid is also a strong oxidant; spillage may cause a fire or liberate dangerous gases.
3. Sodium chloride solution, standard, 0.05N. Dry approximately 3.1 g of sodium chloride in a weighing dish in an oven at 105–110°C for 2 h. Cool the crystals to room temperature in a desiccator. Weigh 2.9221 g of the dried sodium chloride to the nearest 0.0001 g in a tared weighing bottle. Using a water-wash bottle, quantitatively transfer the crystals through a powder funnel into a 1,000-mL volumetric flask. Add about 150 mL deionized water and swirl to dissolve the crystals. Dilute to the mark at 20°C with deionized water and mix thoroughly. Store the solution in a polyethylene bottle.
4. Iron indicator solution. To a 1,500-mL beaker add 62 g ferric ammonium sulfate, FeNH 4 (SO 4 ) 2 ·12H 2 O, and 500 mL of deionized water. Stir until the crystals are dissolved. Add 438 mL concentrated nitric acid and mix. Store the solution in a polyethylene bottle.
5. Potassium thiocyanate solution, 0.05N. Weigh 4.86 g potassium thiocyanate to the nearest 0.01 g in a tared weighing bottle. Quantitatively transfer the crystals through a powder funnel into a 1,000-mL volumetric flask. Add about 250 mL deionized water and swirl to dissolve the crystals. Dilute to the mark with deionized water and mix thoroughly. Store the solution in a polyethylene bottle.AWWA B408 pdf download.