IEEE Std 3002.2:2018 pdf download.IEEE Recommended Practice for Conducting Load-Flow Studies and Analysis of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems.
This recommended practice describes how to conduct load-flow studies and analysis for industrial and commercial power systems. It will be of greatest value to the power-oriented engineer with limited experience in this area. It can also be an aid to all engineers responsible for the electrical design of industrial and commercial power systems.
2. Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they must he understood and used, so each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to this document is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies.
IEEE Std 399 1997, IEEE Recommended Practice for Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Analysis (IEEE Brown BookTM).
3. Introduction
Loud flow is also referred to as power flow; these terms may be interchangeably used in this standard. This is the name given to a network solution that predicts steady-state currents, voltages, and real and reactive power flows through every branch and bus in the system. Load-flow studies simulate operating conditions that cannot practically be experienced on the actual system because the system has not yet been built, because of the practical constraints of time, or because it would be unwise to expose the actual physical system to conditions that are potentially damaging. The end objective of the load-flow study is not always to arrive at hard, numerical performance parameters. Often the objective is to gain insight into how the system performs over a range of operating conditions. Pover flows are an important part of power system operation and planning.
Because the parameters of the elements such as transmission and distribution lines, cables, and transformers are constant, the power system network impedance is for the most part fixed. However, the power flow problem.Because the parameters of thc elemcnts such as transmission and distribution lines, cables, and transformers are constant, the power system network impedance is for the most part fixed. However, the power flow problem often involves constant kVA loads, generators, and tap changers, which then means that the relationship between voltage and current changes depending on the type of load. The same holds true for the relationship between the real and reactive power consumption at a bus, or the generated real power and scheduled voltage magnitude at a generator bus. Thus, power flow calculation involves the solution of a set of equations which involve loads of constant impedance, constant power, and sometimes constant current type. This power flow calculation gives the electrical response of the power system to a particular set of loading and supply power output. IEEE Std 3002.2 pdf download.