ISO 445:2008 pdf download.Pallets for materials handling一Vocabulary
1 Scope
This International Standard defines terms relating to pallets for unit load methods of materials handling.
It also includes an informative annex listing general terms relating to materials handling.
2 General
2.1 pallet
rigid horizontal platform of minimum height,compatible with handling by pallet trucks and/or forklift trucks and other appropriate handling equipment, used as a base for assembling, loading,storing, handling, stacking, transporting, or displaying goods and loads
See Figure 1.
NOTE The pallet can be constructed with, or fitted with,a superstructure.
2.2 nominal load R
lowest load value, for the purposes of comparison,for the specified support conditions, independent of the type of load (excluding concentrated loads)[ISO/TS 8611-2:2005, definition 3.4]
NOTE Intended use is described in 7.1 of ISO/TS 8611-2:2005 [1]. The three main types of general use are as follows:
1) handling of goods without stacking or without racking;
2) handling of goods with stacking but without racking;
3) handling of goods with racking and stacking.
2.3 concentrated load
load concentrated over an area of less than 50 % of the pallet top deck
2.4 uniformly distributed unbonded load
load spread evenly across the full surface of the pallet top deck where the items are not interlocked,bound or connected
2.5 uniformly distributed bonded load
load spread evenly across the full surface of the pallet top deck, where the pattern of each single layer changes, so that the packages are interlocked See Figure 2.
NOTE Sacks are an example of a bonded load.
2.6 solid load
single, compact,
rigid,homogeneous load,supported by all the blocks and/or stringers of the pallet
2.7 maximum working load
greatest payload that a pallet may be permitted to carry in a specific loading and support condition
NOTE This will vary according to the type, distribution, arrangement and means of stabilization of the load and the system of support. It may be above or below the nominal load (see ISO/TS 8611-2 (1)).
3.1 flat pallet
pallet with a top deck without a raised superstructure
3.2 single-deck pallet
flat pallet where the lower bearing surface area is less than the percentage specified in ISO 6780:2003 (4.6)See Figure 3.
3.3 stillage
platform with two uprights or four feet and with free entry See Figure 4.
NOTE Stillages cannot be handled by pallet trucks conforming to ISO 509 (2).
3.5 reversible pallet
double-deck pallet with top and bottom decks,either of which can take the same payload See Figure 6.
3.6 non-reversible pallet
double-deck pallet with one load-carrying surface See Figure 7.ISO 445 pdf download.