BS 2000-34:1983 pdf download.Petroleum and its products Part 34. Flash point by Pensky-Martens closed tester.
2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
2.1. ASTM Standards: D56 Test for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester' E1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers E134 Specifcation for Pensky-Martens Closed Flash Tester'
2.2. IP Standards: Specifcations for IP Standard Thermometers.
3. SUMMARY OF METHOD
3.1. The sample is heated at a slow, constant rate with continual stirring. A small flame is directed into the cup at regular intervals with simultaneous interruption of stirring. The flash point is the lowest temperature at which application of the test fame causes the vapour above the sample to ignite.
4. SIGNIFICANCE
4.1. Flash point measures the response of the sample to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties which must be considered in assessing the overall fammability hazard of a material.
4.2. Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to deine fammable' and‘combustible' materials. One should consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classes.
4.3. Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively non-volatile or non-flammable material. For example, an abnormally low flash point on a sample of kerosine may indicate gasoline contamination.
5. DEFINITION
5.1. Flash point - the lowest temperature of the sample, corrected to a barometric pressure of 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg), at which application of a test flame causes the vapour of the sample to ignite under specified conditions of test.
5.1.1. The sample is deemed to have flashed when a large flame appears and instantaneously propagates itself over the surface of the sample.
5.1.2. Occasionally, particularly near the actual fash point, the application of the test flame will cause a halo or an enlarged fame; this is not a flash and should be ignored.
6. APPARATUS
6.1. Pensky-Martens Closed Flash Tester - as described in Appendix I. NOTE 4: There are automatic fash point testers available and in use which may be advantageous in the saving of testing time, permit the use of smaller samples, and other factors which may merit their use. If automatic testers are used, the user must be sure that all of the manufacturer 's instructions for calibrating, adjusting, and operating the instrument are followed. In any cases of dispute, the flash point as determined manually shall be considered the referee test. 6.2. Thermometers - two standard thermometers shall be used with the ASTM NOTE to 6.2. See note to 2.2. Pensky-Martens tester, as follows: (1) For tests in which the indicated reading falls within the limits 50° to 230°F (10° to 110°C), inclusive, an ASTM Pensky-Martens Low Range or Tag Closed Tester Thermometer having a range from 20° to 230°F (-7° to + 110°C) and conforming to the requirements for thermometers 9F (9C) and as prescribed in ASTM Specifications E1， or IP thermometer 15F (15C) shall be used.BS 2000-34 pdf download.