CSA A231-1-19:2020 pdf download.Precast concrete paving slabs/Precast concrete pavers
1 Scope
1.1 CSA A231-1-19 specifies requirements for concrete paving slabs manufactured from hydraulic cement concrete to be used in the construction of pavement and roof coverings. Concrete paving slabs consist of either a single concrete throughout or two layers consisting of a backing concrete with a face that has a minimum thickness, commonly of 4 mm. This Standard includes units with architectural finishes or tactile surfaces.
Notes:
1) Annex A contains information on efflorescence and recommends methods for its removal. Annex B provides information on the installation of pavement components made with precast concrete paving slabs.
2) The terms "slab" and "concrete paving slab" are used interchangeably in this Standard.
3) The terms "height" and "thickness" are used interchangeably in this Standard.
5 Sampling and testing
5.1 General
Segmental concrete paving units that do not meet the requirements of a concrete paver in Clause 6.1.1 of CSA A231.2, and do meet all of the requirements of a concrete paving slab as in Clause 6.1.1 of this Standard, with the exception of Items b) or c), or both, shall be tested in accordance with this Standard.
Note: At the option of the purchaser, sampling and testing might be required to be carried out by an accredited concrete testing laboratory.
5.2 Production control and frequency sampling
The quality of production shall be monitored for dimensional tolerances, flexural strength and de-icing salts freeze-thaw durability on a continual basis by the manufacturer.
The flexural strength and freeze thaw test results obtained from specimens manufactured with a given mix design shall be considered representative of any sized unit manufactured to that mix design, provided there are no changes to the tested mix design, to the materials, their proportions, and the manufacturing process. Changes in the pigments or pigment dosage does not constitute a change in the mix design.
For a given concrete mix design with an annual total production greater than 5000 m2, dimensional tolerance tests, flexural strength tests, and freeze-thaw tests shall be performed and requirements verified at least once per year by an accredited concrete testing laboratory. Also, dimensional tolerance tests, flexural strength tests, and freeze-thaw tests shall be performed and requirements verified after any change in the manufacturing process, mix design, cement, aggregate, admixture, or other material.
In addition to the required testing, the manufacturer should have an ongoing, in-house quality control program to provide continued assurances of the uniformity and acceptability of units manufactured to the mix design. The manufacturer shall maintain a record of test results and make this available on request.CSA A231-1-19 pdf download.